Field notes on underserved languages.

Practical guides for speech, LLM and voice-agent teams working with Urdu, Saraiki, Punjabi and code-switched speech.

Urdu is spoken by well over 200 million people, yet it remains thin in web data. Here is what to check before you train or test an Urdu speech model.

Saraiki has tens of millions of speakers and almost no written footprint online. Why models mishear it, and how to collect data that fixes that.

Pakistani speakers move between Urdu and English inside one sentence. Why voice agents fail at the switch point, and how to build data that tests it.

Start small

Test your model on 100 real utterances.

A fixed-scope pilot across Saraiki, Pakistani Punjabi and Urdu with a full error report. You keep the findings.